Reclaiming of waste guayule natural rubber vulcanizate—reclaim rubber for green tire applications: An approach for sustainable development

This article illustrates the reclaiming of guayule natural rubber (GNR) vulcanizate by bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl] tetrasulfide (TESPT), and as-grown reclaim rubber facilitates the silica dispersion in GNR product application without adding any coupling agent. This article deals with the performance evaluation of silica-filled revulcanizates with promising application in green tire. The extent of reclaiming was monitored through the measurement of sol content, cross-link density, Mooney viscosity, and degree of reclaiming. The differential scanning calorimetry study was carried out to evaluate the fraction of immobilized polymer chains and its dependence on cross-link density of the vulcanizates. The Fourier transform infrared study and also sulfur analysis independently indicate the attachment of the fragmented TESPT with the polymer chain and cross-link bonds. The study of mechanical properties clearly shows that in revulcanized GNR, the optimum property is achieved when reclaiming time is set for 40 min. The effect of reclaiming time on dynamic mechanical behavior such as storage modulus and loss tangent was studied. The scanning electron microscopy studies show the coherency and homogeneity of silica-filled revulcanize rubber with reclaiming time