Development of superamphiphobic alumina nanofiber mats using trimethoxysilane with a short perfluoroalkyl chain

To avoid the generation of hazardous, long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (CnF2n+1COOH, n？≥？7), we develop relatively safer superamphiphobic alumina nanofiber mats. Our fabrication process focuses on two principles: lowering the surface energy using trimethoxy(1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-nonafluorohexyl)silane (C4F9CH2CH2Si(OCH3)3), which has short-chain perfluoroalkyls that are relatively safer than long-chain ones; and creating a high-roughness surface from electrospun alumina nanofibers with an average fiber diameter of 155？nm and inter-fiber spacing of 451？nm. Such mats exhibit super-repellency for water (contact angle θ * ？=？157°, contact angle hysteresis Δ θ * = 2 ° , advancing angle θ adv * = 158°, receding angle θ rec * = 156°), and n-hexadecane ( θ * ？=？151°, Δ θ * = 9°, θ adv * = 152°, θ rec * = 143°). Furthermore, superamphiphobicity is maintained up to 350℃