Democracy in the classroom

This article presents the case for a progressive education that embraces notions of democratic values in the classroom, and an education for democratic citizenship. Informed by John Dewey’s and Martin Buber’s philosophies of education, and Homi Bhabha’s concept of ‘third space’ work, the article examines the problematic and contested issues of emancipation and empowerment for learning in the classroom and across the school. Democracy in schooling requires a learning environment where teachers and students are encouraged and empowered to engage in mutual dialogue over matters to do with teaching and learning. Acknowledging this requirement, and the traditional agential and power-related positioning of teacher–student relationships and role identities in the classroom and across the school, this article argues for the creation of learning environments where classroom practice is democratically ‘top-down’ teacher-guided and ‘bottom-up’ student-informed