Bearing failure of single

A three-dimensional explicit finite element method was presented to investigate the bearing failure of single- and double-shear composite bolted joints. To predict the various failure modes of composite laminates, three-dimensional solid elements accompanied by mixed-mode failure criteria considering nonlinear shear behavior were employed in the model. A linear damage propagation law based on the fracture energy and the characteristic length was adopted to alleviate the mesh dependency. In addition, reduced integration elements were used in the models of single- and double-shear joints to avoid the overstiffness. The simulated models were implemented in the Abaqus/Explicit solver with a user-defined material subroutine. The numerical analysis run successfully without any convergence issues. The predictions of mechanical behavior agreed well with the experimental results, with typical damages in the laminates including matrix crack and fiber failure. The effect of secondary bending in the single-shear bolted joint was also analyzed in the explicit modeling