A National Analysis of Shackling Laws and Policies as They Relate to Pregnant Incarcerated Women

Pregnant incarcerated women pose unique challenges in jails and prisons. Many states still require or permit the shackling of pregnant incarcerated women throughout the pregnancy and during labor, delivery, and recovery. This study includes a content analysis of shackling laws and policies currently in effect throughout the United States. The findings identify the range of shackling laws and policies at the state level and whether these laws and policies adhere to a female indifferent or gender-specific orientation. Finally, the implications are discussed to assist lawmakers and correctional administrators in understanding the effects and potential outcomes of certain types of laws and policies