Behavior of eccentrically loaded welded hollow spherical joints after elevated

Welded hollow spherical joint is an extremely widely used connection pattern in space lattice structures. Understanding the behavior of the welded hollow spherical joint after elevated-temperature exposure is critical for the fire damage assessment of the entire space lattice structures. In this study, both experimental and numerical studies were conducted to reveal the mechanical behavior of eccentrically loaded welded hollow spherical joints subjected to eccentric loads after cooling from three elevated temperatures up to 1000°C, wherein two different methods were considered, namely, air and water cooling. Associate mechanical performance, such as load versus longitudinal displacement and load versus steel tube rotation responses, initial stiffness, load-bearing capacities, and strain development, were obtained and further analyzed. The results showed that the behavior of welded hollow spherical joints began to change when the exposure temperatures exceeded 600°C, with obvious reductions in both stiffness and strength. In addition, the influences of different cooling methods were significant. The joints cooled by water generally presented higher load-bearing capacities than those cooled by air. Furthermore, three-dimensional finite element analysis was conducted via ABAQUS software. After validating the finite element model against experimental results, parametric studies were performed and a practical formula was proposed to calculate the load-bearing capacity of welded hollow spherical joints subjected to eccentric load after elevated-temperature exposure