Comments on “Issues in Human–Automation Interaction Modeling: Presumptive Aspects of Frameworks of Types and Levels of Automation” by David B. Kaber

Three aspects of Kaber’s paper are discussed: (a) the origins of the level-of-automation concept as related to various misconceptions in the literature regarding the intent of the original paper; (b) distinctions between descriptive, predictive, presumptive, and normative models; and (c) the difficulty, even impossibility, of making level-of-automation taxonomies into readily useful tools for system design