Sex identification of pigeons using polymerase chain reaction analysis with simple DNA extraction

Sex identification plays an important role in avian production. Hitherto, it is difficult to distinguish the sexes of monomorphic birds based on their external features. The chromo-helicase-DNA-binding genes contain CHD-W gene and CHD-Z gene, which are located on the W chromosome and Z chromosome, respectively. Since CHD-W gene is unique to females, the polymerase chain reaction can be used for sex identification. However, extracting DNA procedures for verifying the sex is tedious and expensive. To address these disadvantages, the objective of this study was to develop a simple DNA extraction assay to efficiently process blood, liver, and feather samples. The results showed that 2% dimethylsulfoxide was suitable for processing blood, and phosphate-buffered saline was suitable for processing liver and feather samples. The specific primers were designed, and the length of the targets is 474？bp on Z chromosome and 319？bp on W chromosome. The pigeons were identified as females based on the presence of two bands on the gel, and as males based on the presence of one band. Taken together, our results suggested that feather samples were more appropriate than blood or liver for sex identification of pigeons. Compared to the traditional DNA extraction, this method shortened the assay time and reduced the cost