Technical Inefficiency, Allocative Inefficiency, and Audit Pricing

The critical global role of audit firms, combined with the scarcity of qualified staff and downward pressure on fees, has increased the importance of understanding efficiency in this industry. This article examines the technical and allocative inefficiencies of audit firm staffing using data from 165 audit engagements performed by a Big 4 international certified public accountant (CPA) firm. Prior research has shown that the technical inefficiency of audit engagements leads to lower billing realization rates on audit engagements. We complement and extend this research by examining whether there are inefficiencies in allocating staff for audit engagements in addition to technical inefficiency, and whether each of these inefficiencies leads to lower billing realization rates. We find that there are differences in both technical and allocative inefficiencies across audit engagements, and that both inefficiencies lead to lower billing realization rates after controlling for other characteristics that could affect the realization rates of the audit engagements