Norbert Elias’s extended theory of community: From established/outsider relations to the gendered we–I balance

Norbert Elias and John Scotson’s analysis of the interconnection between positive and negative community identities in The Established and the Outsiders is well-known. Elias’s subsequent writing about community offers a more rounded analysis, going beyond established/outsider configurations by exploring community’s gendered character and the forces involved in the ‘we–I balance’ that counteract the pervasive process of individualization. Elias’s use of personal pronouns to reveal how community identity (‘we’) relates not only to outsiders (‘they’) but also to an individual member (‘I’) of communities is central to his extended theory of community