溃堤洪水的二维水动力模型及其应用

为了减少堤防溃决造成重大的生命财产损失, 加强防洪减灾非工程措施建设, 建立了溃堤洪水的二维水动力 模型, 对溃堤洪水的精细化仿真模拟。该模型考虑了溃堤口门展宽变化, 局部网格加密处理, 并采用干湿水深理论 与热启动技术对模型进行优化。将该模型应用于黄河内蒙段南岸灌区的溃堤洪水演进模拟, 利用2008 年杭锦旗奎 素段实际溃堤数据对所建模型进行验证, 结果表明: 流场分布均匀且光滑, 计算结果合理可靠, 模型具有较高的计算 精度及可靠性。采用该模型模拟了沙圪堵工程与奎素段堤防同时溃决的情形, 并绘制了洪水风险图, 为该地区防洪 风险管理决策提供了重要的技术支持。 In or der t o reduce the significant lo ss o f life and pro pert y caused by levee2breach flood and to im pr ove the no n2pro jec2 tive measur es in f loo d contr ol and disaster pr evention, a two2dimensional hydrodynamic model w as dev eloped t o simulate levee2 br each flo od accurately. Dyke bro adening w as taken into account, lo cal model gr ids w er e r efined, and t he model was optimized u2 sing the hot start, dry wat er depth, and wet water dept h theory . In this paper , the mo del w as applied to simulate the levee2breach floo d r outing in the southern ir rigated area of I nner Mo ng olia section o f the Yellow River . T he actual dike burst data in Kuisu reach o f the Yellow River w ere used to ver ify the model. The r esults show ed that t he flow field is smoot h and w ell2 distr ibut ed, which indicated that the research results are reasonable and r eliable. The mo del was also applied to simulate the wo rking condi2 tions that two dike bur st occurred at Shagedu eng ineering and Kuisu reach r espectively. Flood risk maps w ere plotted, w hich can pr ov ide impo rtant technical suppo rt fo r the flood contro l r isk manag ement and decisio n in the area. 高等学校学科创新引智计划资助( B14012)