不同生育期补灌对覆膜马铃薯土壤水及水分利用效率的影响

以马铃薯为试验材料，研究了不同生育期补灌对马铃薯土壤水及水分利用效率的影响。试验共设计5种处理模式（T1、T2、T3、T4、T5）：T1平地种植，全生育期不灌水；T2到T5处理为沟垄覆膜栽培模式，补灌日期依次为播种期、苗期、发棵期和薯块膨大期。试验结果表明，T4和T5处理中40～80 cm剖面段的水分消耗显著，分别为25.6 mm和27.4 mm；从产量及其构成来看，T4处理的产量为24 984 kg/hm2，其大薯和中薯的公顷产量为14 490.7 kg，商品率最高；从水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率来看，T4和T5处理最优。总体而言，在发棵期实施补灌的T4处理是一种能有效节水增产的限额补灌模式。 In this study, the effetcs of supplemental irrigations under different stages on the soil water and water use efficiency of potato were analyzed. The potato was used as the indicator crop and a total of 5 treatments（T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5）were conducted, including T1 treatment of flat cultivation and no irrigation during the whole growth period, and T2 to T5 treatments of film punching on ridge and over furrow cultivation and irrigations under the sowing, seedling, tillering, and tuber expansion stages respectively. , The results indicated that the water consumption is significant in the 40-80 cm profile sections for the treatments of T4 and T-5, which is about 25.6 mm and 27.4 mm, respectively. From the aspect of yield and its components, the yield of T4 treatment reached 24984 kg.hm-2, and the yield per hectare of big potato and middle potato was 14490.7 kg, resulting in the highest commodity rate of all treatments. In terms of water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency, the treatments of T4 and T5 were the best. Overall, T4 treatment with supplemental irrigation under the tillering stage was one of the limited supplementary irrigation modes for water saving and yield increasing.