河北省太行山5种经济林枯落物及土壤水文效应

为评价河北省太行山区经济林水源涵养功能，选择梯田栽植的苹果、核桃、樱桃、板栗、杏5种经济林，采用室内浸水法和环刀法等研究其林下枯落物和土壤的持水特性和持水效益，分析其水文效应。结果表明：枯落物蓄积量表现为杏（3.42 t/hm2）＜樱桃（3.69 t/hm2）＜苹果（4.07 t/hm2）＜板栗（7.11 t/hm2）＜核桃（8.28 t/hm2）；板栗林下枯落物最大持水量（17.07 t/hm2）最大，枯落物的持水量与持水时间正相关呈对数函数关系，持水速率与持水时间呈幂函数关系；至于林下枯落物有效拦蓄量，板栗林最大(14.37 t/hm2)。5种经济林林下土壤容重均值在1.40～1.52 g/cm3，随深度增加而增大；土壤的最大持水量均值在856.01～946.41 t/hm2，其排序与总孔隙度一致，依次为苹果＜核桃＜樱桃＜板栗＜杏；有效持水量均值在185.82～329.03 t/hm2，排序与非毛管孔隙度一致，依次为樱桃＜苹果＜核桃＜板栗＜杏。 In order to evaluate the water conservation function of economic forests in Taihang Mountains of Hebei Province,we selected five kinds of economic forests (apple,walnut,cherry,chestnut and apricot) planted on terraces and studied the waterholding characteristics and benefits of litter and soil in the forests by indoor immersion method and cuttingring method.Then we analyzed their hydrological effects.The results showed that:The accumulative volume of the litter was as follows:walnut (8.28 t/hm2)>chestnut (7.11 t/hm2)>apple (4.07 t/hm2)>cherry (3.69 t/hm2)>apricot (3.42 t/hm2).Chestnut forest litter had the largest water holding capacity (17.07 t/hm2).There was a logarithmic relationship between the water holding capacity and water holding time of the litter,and a power function relationship between water holding rate and water holding time.The effective interception capacity of litter was the largest in chestnut forest (14.37 t/hm2).Soil bulk density increased with depth.The average soil bulk density of the five economic forests ranged from 1.40 to 1.52 g/cm3.The average maximum water holding capacity of soil in the five economic forests ranged from 856.01 to 946.41 t/hm2.The sequence from low to high was:apple [中图分类号] [基金项目] 河北省水利科技推广项目(2016-016) 河北省水利科技推广项目(2016-016)