适用于分布式水文模拟的空间插值方法改进

降水数据是水文模型重要输入数据之一, 雨量空间插值是获得面雨量数据的有效方法。改进现有雨量插值方法, 获取较为精确的逐日连续面域降水数据, 并以补远江流域为例对改进效果进行验证, 将插值后得到的降水数据作为输入条件, 基于 MIKE SHE 水文模型模拟补远江流域径流过程, 分析改进后的插值方法所得降水数据对模型精度的提高效果。结果表明: 利用改进插值方法( 简称 IDW2T hiessen 插值法) 得到的降水数据, 在模型模拟径流过程中的效果优于利用 T hiessen 多边形获得的降水数据; 在补远江流域这一研究案例中, 利用 IDW-Thiessen 插值法得到的降水数据模拟补远江日径流, 所得结果的纳什系数在率定期和验证期都超过 0.7, 高于利用 Thiessen 多边形法得到的降水数据进行径流模拟结果的纳什系数; IDW-Thiessen 插值法与 Thiessen 多边形得到的径流模拟结果相比, 年平均误差减少 10% , 雨季模型模拟精度提高 6% , 旱季模型模拟精度提高了 7% , 模拟径流过程线与实测径流过程线更吻合。 Precipitation data is one of the important input data in the hydrological model. Spatial interpolation of rainfall is an effective method to obtain surface rainfall data. Therefore, it is very important to improve the existing rainfall interpolation met ho ds to obtain more accurate continuous time series and surface precipitation data. MIKE SHE hydrological model was used to simulate the daily runoff using improved interpolated precipitation data to analyze the accuracy of the model in the Yuan Jiang Basin . Results exhibited that the precipitation data obtained by the improved method ( IDW-Thiessen interpolation method) was better than Thiessen polygon in the process of runoff simulation. Therefore, daily runoff process was carried out by using the precipitation data obtained by IDW-Thiessen interpolation method in the Bu Yuan Jiang Basin. The Nash coefficients were higher than 0.7 during the calibratio n and validation periods compared to the Nash coefficients of the runoff simulation results 云南省自然科学研究重点项目( 2017FA021) ; “十三五”国家重点研发计划( 2016YFA0601601) ; 华能澜沧江水电股份有限公司科研项目( NZDDC2018/ D01)