泾惠渠灌区地下水位埋深的动态特征及影响因素分析

地下水作为陕西泾惠渠灌区的重要水源, 对其动态特征的研究在灌区水资源开发利用方面具有重要的指导意义。根据泾惠渠灌区 1981- 2010 年的地下水位平均埋深资料, 采用线性倾向估计法、累积距平法、Sen 斜率估计法、Mann-Kendall 趋势检验法对泾惠渠灌区地下水位埋深动态序列进行年际变化分析; 采用滑动 T 检验法和双向回归突变分析法分析序列突变性; 采用主成分分析法和灰色关联分析法确定影响灌区地下水埋深动态的主要因素。 结果表明: 灌区 1981- 2010 年地下水位平均埋深基本呈增加趋势, 突变点出现在 1994 年, 1994 年之前影响灌区地下水埋深动态的主要因素为蒸发量, 1994 年之后主要影响因素为蒸发量、地下水开采量和灌渠引水量。 Groundwater is an important water source of Jinghuiqu Irrigation District. The analysis of its dynamic characteristics provides important guidance to the development and utilization of water resources. Based on the groundwater depth data of Jinghuiqu Irrigation District during 1981-2010, we analyzed its interannual variation using linear tendency estimation method, cumulative departure, Sen slope estimation method, and Mann-Kendall trend test. We analyzed the mutation of groundwater depth using smoothing T test and two- dimensional regression mutation analysis. We determined the most important influence factors of groundwater depth using principal component analysis and grey relationship analysis. The results showed that the groundwater depth tended to increase during 1981-2010. The mutation happened in 1994. Before 1994, evaporation was the most important influence factor of groundwater depth. After 1994, the most important influence factors became evaporation, groundwater extraction, and canal water diversion. “十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目( 2011BAD29B01) ; 陕西省自然科学基金( 2014JM1030)