抽水蓄能电站侧式进出水口体型及水力特性研究进展

侧式进出水口是抽水蓄能电站广泛采用的水流过渡结构形式, 是连接库区与输水管道的咽喉。该部位双向过渡水流结构较为复杂, 对工程的运行效率及安全有重要影响, 而合理的进出口体型是保证水流合理过渡和工程安全的关键。研究侧式进出水口体型及水力特性的方法主要有物理模型试验、数值模拟及原型观测。文章对进出水口前漩涡、进出口段水流过渡和水头损失等方面研究成果加以总结。分析了漩涡形成机理、诱涡因素及抑制漩涡形成的工程与非工程措施; 明确了均衡过渡水流的工程要求及满足水流均衡过渡的结构体型设计准则; 列举了部分工程进出水口体型参数、过渡水流特征数及进出流水头损失系数。 Lateral inlet/outlet is the widely used form of flow transition structure in pumped storage power stations, and is always considered as the throat connecting the reservoir and water pipes. The two-direction flow structure of the lateral inlet/outlet is complicated and affects the operation efficiency and safety of engineering. The reasonable structure type of lateral inlet/outlet is the key to ensuring reasonable flow transition and engineering safety. The methods for studying the shape and hydraulic characteristics of lateral inlet/outlet mainly include physical model test, numerical simulation, and prototype observation. This paper summarizes the research results on the vortex flow, flow transition, and head loss at the lateral inlet/outlet. It analyzes the forming mechanism of vortex, the factors that induce vortex , and the engineering and non-engineering measures to inhibit vortex formation. It defines the engineering requirements of equilibrium transition flow and the structure design criteria that satisfy the equilibrium transition of flow. It also lists the structure parameters, transition flow characteristic numbers, and the water head loss coefficients at the lateral inlet/outlet of some projects. 国家自然科学基金( 51379128)