土石混合介质碎石性质对土壤入渗和产流过程影响

为了研究土石介质中碎石性质对土壤入渗和产流过程的影响, 本试验采用室内土柱试验, 分析了两种不同岩 性碎石( 片麻岩和石灰岩) 分别在碎石质量比例( 土石介质比例) 为 15% 、45% 、65% 和 90% 的条件下, 对土壤入渗和 产流的影响, 并用 Philip 模型和 Ho rto n 模型进行了拟合分析。其结果如下: ( 1) 在同一种岩石, 相同时间内, 土壤累 积入渗量随碎石含量的增多而减小, 产流量随碎石含量的增多而增加; ( 2) 在相同碎石比例条件下, 相同时间内, 片 麻岩的累计入渗量大于石灰岩, 而产流量小于石灰岩; ( 3) Philip 模型、H orton 模型均可拟合土石介质土壤累计入渗 量随时间变化关系, 稳定入渗率 A (if ) 随碎石含量呈减小趋势, 土壤吸渗率 S 随碎石含量呈减小趋势, 而初始入渗 率 ii 呈增加趋势。 In order to study the effects of gravel properties on soil infiltration and runoff process in soil-rock medium, we conducted laboratory soil column experiments. We mixed two different rock fragments (gneiss and limestone) with the same soil. The gravel mass proportions (of the soil-rock medium) were 15% , 45% , 65% , and 90% respectively. Then, the relationship between cumulative infiltration and time were fitted with the Horton model and the Philip model. The results showed that: (1) For the same rock within the same amount of time, the cumulative infiltration of soil would decrease with the increase of gravel content, and the runoff would increase with the increase of gravel content. (2) With the same gravel proportion, within the same amount of time, the cumulative infiltration of gneiss was greater than that of limestone, and the runoff was less than that of limestone. (3) The Philip model and the Horton model can be used to fit the relationship between cumulative infiltration and time. As the gravel content increased, the infiltration rate A (if) tended to decrease, the soil infiltration rate Stended to decrease, and the initial infiltr ation rate ii tended to increase. 国家重点基础研究发展计划项目( 2015CB452701) ; 国家自然科学基金( 51379215; 50939006) ; 流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实 验室自主研究课题( 2016ZY03)