冰水二相流渠道流冰输移演变规律及其安全运行措施研究

针对我国新疆、青海地区为数众多且无法采用冰盖下输水的宽浅式渠道工程, 开展冰水二相流输运机理及运 行调控技术研究, 对于解决这些地区冬季用水矛盾、节省工程改造投资具有重要意义。以新疆北部地区某电站引水 渠为例, 通过构建一维渠道冰水力学数学模型, 研究渠道流冰输移和发展规律, 分析气温、出库水温、输水流量等关 键因素对渠道冰情的影响, 并提出冰水二相流渠道的安全运行措施, 对实现冰水二相流安全水力调控、解决我国西 北地区冬季缺水问题具有一定参考价值。 In view of the fact that there are many w ide2shallow canal pr ojects t hat cannot transfer water under the ice cov er in winter in Xinjiang Autonomo us Reg ion and Qinghai Pr ovince, w e studied the transpo rt mechanism and operat ion reg ulatio n techniques of ice2w ater tw o2phase flow . It has important significance to solving the pr oblem o f water sho rtag e during w inter in these areas. Taking the drainage canal o f a power st ation in norther n Xinjiang Region as a case study, we co nstr ucted a one2di2 mensional mechanical2mathematical mo del of canal ice and w ater t o study the char acteristics o f ice tr ansport and evo lutio n. We analyzed the influence o f key thermodynamic factors o n ice, including air t em perat ur e, outbo und w ater temper atur e, and w ater transfer vo lume. Finally, we proposed some safe o perat ion measures for ice2w ater tw o2phase flow cana l. This study has some reference value for realizing the safe hy dr aulic co nt rol o f ice2w ater tw o2phase f low and solving the w ater shortag e pr oblem in winter in the no rthwest o f China. 国家重点研发计划( 2017YFC0405003) ; 国家自然科学基金( 51579251) ; 中国水科院科研专项( HY0145B642017)