气候变化对黑龙江—阿穆尔河？流域的生态环境影响

利用1981～2010年中国、俄罗斯两国气温、降水资料和1992、2000、2010年三期遥感影像资料，研究了黑龙江—阿穆尔河流域气候变化特征，进而分析气候变化对该地区生态环境的影响。结果表明：黑龙江-阿穆尔河流域多年平均气温以每10年0.33℃的倾向率，呈增高趋势；多年平均降水量波动性较大，总体以22.05 mm?(10a)-1的倾向率减少。由于气候变暖趋干和人为活动的影响，导致黑龙江—阿穆尔河流域的植被覆盖发生变化，并引起森林生态系统退化、湿地萎缩、冻结层退缩、沙化土地扩大等生态环境的变化。 The characteristics of climate change in the Heilongjiang-Amur River Basin were investigated using the temperature and precipitation data of China and Russia from 1981 to 2010 and three-stage (1992, 2000, and 2010) remote-sensing image data, and the impacts of climate change on the ecological environment in the area were analyzed. The results indicated that the annual average temperature increases with a rate of 0.33℃ per decade, while the perennial average precipitation decreases with a rate of 22.05 mm per decade in the Heilongjiang-Amur River Basin. Due to the drying and warming climate and impacts of human activities, the vegetation cover in the Heilongjiang-Amur River Basin changed significantly, which caused great impacts on the ecological environment, such as the degradation of the forest ecological system, wetland shrinkage, permafrost thawing, and land desertification. 中国地质调查局地质调查工作项目——亚洲地下水资源与环境地质编图（1212010813090）。