天津市区雨水径流污染指标分类及污染源解析

在运用主成分分析方法的基础上, 对天津市区降雨的屋面径流以及菜市场路面径流进行了采样分析。对样本 的特征性指标 SS、COD、氨氮、总氮和总磷进行分类分析, 尝试分析出不同下垫面产生的雨水径流污染物的污染源, 并分析各污染物初始冲刷效应。分析结果表明: 屋面径流的特征性污染物中总氮、氨氮和 COD 组成为同一类指标, 说明其潜在的第一类主要污染源为机动车尾气、大气干湿沉降以及屋面材料析出物。总磷和 SS 分别归为另两类指 标, 其潜在的第二类污染源为建筑工地污染以及机动车损耗。菜市场路面径流的特征性污染中 SS、总磷和 COD 可 组成同一类指标, 说明其潜在主要污染源为机动车损耗以及生活垃圾污染。氨氮和总氮可归为另一类指标, 说明大 气干湿沉降和机动车尾气排放为第二类污染源。路面较屋面更易形成初始冲刷效应, 并且氨氮的初始冲刷效应显 著, 存在污染源的持续输入。 Based on the method of principal component analy sis, w e sam pled and analyzed the ro of r unoff at residential area and road surface runo ff at g rocer y market in T ianjin urban ar ea. We classified and analyzed t he characteristic indexes o f SS, COD, ammonia nitro gen, to tal nit rog en, and to tal phospho rus, attempted to find out the sources of r unoff po llut ants pr oduced on dif2 fer ent underly ing surfaces, and analy zed the first flush effect of each pollutant. Analy sis results show ed t hat the tot al nitr ogen, ammonia nitro gen, and COD among t he characterist ic po llutants of ro of rainw ater r unoff belo ng ed to the same class of indexes, which means that the first kind of potential main pollutio n sour ces wer e vehicle emissions, atmo spheric dry and wet deposition, and the roo fing material precipitat es. Tota l phosphorus and SS belonged to the other tw o classes, indicating that the second kind of potential main po llution so ur ces w ere const ruct ion site po llut ion and the spoilage of v ehicles. Among the char act eristic pollu2 tants of the r oad surface r unoff at g ro cery mar ket , SS, to tal phospho rus, and COD belonged to the same class o f index es, w hich means that the first kind of potential main pollutio n so ur ces w ere the spoilag e of mo tor vehicles and the po llut ion of domestic wastes. Ammonia nitr og en and t otal nitrog en belonged to another class, indicat ing that atmospheric dry and w et deposition and vehicle emissio n w ere the seco nd po tential main po llution sour ces. T he first flush effect w as mor e likely to o ccur o n ro ad surface than on the ro of. T here w as a co ntinuo us input of po llution source and the first flush effect o f ammo nia nitr og en was significant. 水利部公益性行业专项( 201401047) ; 天津市水务局科技处项目( KY20142 02)