我国海水淡化若干问题及对策

我国拥有 11 8 万 km 的海岸线, 海洋资源丰富, 海水淡化是解决水资源短缺, 增加淡水资源的根本之道。总结 了海水淡化的利用情况, 深入探究制约海水淡化发展的因素, 分析了淡化海水的利用前景。在分析国际海水淡化现 状、经验及浙江舟山海水利用经验的基础上, 针对我国海水淡化存在的问题, 提出了我国海水淡化发展的对策: 建议 加大技术投入, 发展政产学研商模式, 降低经济成本; 合理规划建设海水淡化项目, 提高产能利用; 加强对海水综合 利用, 减少环境污染; 加强政策扶持, 完善法规标准, 不断推进海水淡化产业的发展。 China has a coastline of 18, 000 kilomet ers, rich in marine resour ces. Desalination is the fundamenta l way t o so lv e w a2 ter sho rtag es and increase fr eshw ater resources. This pa per summa rized the utilizatio n of seawater desa linatio n, deeply ex plo red the facto rs that restricted the dev elo pment of desalination, and analyzed the utilizatio n pro spects of desalinat ed seaw ater. Based on the analysis of the current status and ex periences of int ernational desalinatio n and seaw ater ut ilization in Zhoushan, Zhejiang , this study put forw ard the co untermeasures for the development o f seaw ater desalinat ion in China. It was sug g ested t o increase technical input, develo ped the mo del o f go vernment, industr y, and resea rch, to r educe economic co sts, to reasonably plan and build seaw ater desalinatio n projects. T he pr ojects may increase the utilizatio n of pr oduction capacity, strengthen the compr ehen2 siv e utilizatio n of seawater, r educing the env iro nmental po llut ion, str eng then policy suppo rt, improv ed laws and r egulat ions, and co nt inuously promo ted the develo pment of seaw ater desalinatio n industr y. 国家自然科学基金( 51879010; 51479003)