森林火灾对流域水循环影响的研究进展

全球气候变暖导致森林火险天气增加，森林火灾的发生机率有上升的趋势，因此，森林流域的防灾减灾与灾后重建问题的研究值得重视。森林火灾通过影响植被、地表枯落物、土壤及生态环境等影响流域水文过程的各个环节，森林火灾的水文效应受到国内外学者的广泛关注。文章从森林火灾对降水截留、土壤水文特性、流域蒸散发和径流量等方面分析了森林火灾对流域水循环影响的国内外研究进展。同时指出，由于森林火灾的空间异质性导致火烧对流域水循环各分量的影响程度不同，未来分析森林火灾对流域水文过程的影响时应考虑植被类型、火的类型及火烧的严重程度等因素。 Global warming results in the increasing in the forest fire danger weather and forest fire frequency. Therefore, it is important to study the disaster control and reduction and post-disaster reconstruction in the forest watershed. The watershed hydrology process can be affected by the forest fire through destroying vegetation cover and litter on the ground, altering soil properties, and deteriorating ecological environment, and thus the research of hydrological response of forest fire has received widespread attentions. This paper reviewed the impacts of forest fire on the hydrological processes in aspect of rainfall interception, soil hydrology, evapotranspiration, and water yield. Due to different impact degrees of each hydrological factor to forest fire caused by the spatial heterogeneity of forest fire, the vegetation type, fire type, and fire severity need to be taken into account in the analysis of the impacts of forest fire on the hydrological processes in future. 国家自然科学基金项目（51279022）