Euro Biotechnology 2018: Single dose acute toxicology in preclinical trial: the basic step in drug discovery and development- Yilkal Belay- Makerere University

？ The dose literally refers to the amount of a substance, medicine or drug in the field of nutrition, medicine and toxicology respectively to be utilized at a particular time for certain pharmacological purposes. There is however scientific misconception about the pharmacological role of a dose in experimental toxicology in which it is considered to be the fundamental concept of toxicology that makes the poison of a chemical substance which is far from scientific reality due to the fact that the nature of a chemical substance could not be changed by simply quantification. The natural property of a chemical substance could neither be changed nor eliminated by limiting the amount of it. It is a contradiction to the scientific law of physics which states that ‘matter can neither be created nor destroyed’’ but rather it can be transformed into other form of matter by the use of energy. The fundamental principle of toxicology is deviated from this scientific reality by the fact that another chemical substance with different pharmacological property judged to be created from one chemical substance by quantification. The amount of administered test material could, however, change the magnitude of pharmacological effect and length of time at which its biological effect was manifested in the biology of treated Balb c mice in the oral route. The pharmacological effect of a dose starts at the biochemical and molecular level of an organism which perhaps cause biological response at the cellular level which eventually leads to biological response at the organismal level as the reactive dose in the natural process of organism increases all of which has regulatory mechanism at each level. The biological effect of the lower dose perhaps limited at the molecular level which impacts the health of exposed organism in the long run as genetic disorders or metabolic disorders or cancer of different types depending on the site of damage introduced to the biological system. The dose, therefore, didn’t eliminate the harmful property of a drug that has been administered into lab Balb c mice orally. All tested chemicals were toxic at any amount with different intensity which was computed using integrated biological responses as toxic reaction rate (r) and toxic severity (s) during the course of metabolism. This biological approach was considered one independent and two dependent research variables, as stated below respectively, to compute toxic severity and toxic reaction rate in treated Balb c mice. The research variables used were: (1) the administered dose, (2) elapsed time