The factors contributing to cognitive dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients

As familiar chronic diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as well as Alzheimer’s disease-related dementias (ADRDs), have a major impact on the quality of life of the ageing populations (1). Epidemiological studies have shown that T2DM increases the risk of ADRDs by 1.5–2.5 times compared to age-matched non-diabetic subjects (2,3). Interestingly, T2DM and ADRDs shared a wide range of pathophysiological mechanisms including oxidative stress, amyloidosis, aberrant enzymatic activity, endothelial dysfunction, brain insulin resistance and deficiency, and even shared genetic background (4). Therefore, some studies suggested that ADRDs may be type 3 diabetes mellitus (T3DM) (5)