Precision oncology for gallbladder cancer: insights from genetic alterations and clinical practice

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a relatively uncommon aggressive neoplasm with a poor prognosis. GBC is more prevalent in Chile and India than in other countries (1). Patients with GBC often experience disease progression or recurrence shortly after surgery, and the availability of adjuvant therapies for GBC is limited (2). For systemic chemotherapy, only the gemcitabine plus cisplatin regimen has been was approved for the patients with advanced biliary tract cancers (3). Although numerous trials have attempted to test the efficacy of targeted drugs administered in monotherapy or combination treatments, no targeted therapeutic regimen has been approved for the treatment of advanced GBC (4). The shortage of available targeted therapies is potentially the result of the complex biological characteristics of GBC and the lack of insight into the genomic landscape of this rare type of tumor