Associations of serum sex hormone binding globulin with bone mineral densities and higher 10-year probability of fractures in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Osteoporosis, a disease characterized by deteriorated microarchitecture and increased fragility of the bone, has a high prevalence in the postmenopausal women, leading to reduced quality of life, greater economic burden, elevated disability and even higher mortality (1,2). Postmenopausal bone loss has long been ascribed to the deficiency of endogenous estradiol (E2) production with age (3). In recent years, lower testosterone (T) and higher sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations have also been recognized as factors related to increased bone loss and fracture risk in postmenopausal women (4,5)