Identification of combined T-cell and B-cell reactive Echinococcus granulosus 95 antigens for the potential development of a multi-epitope vaccine

Cystic echinococcosis (CE), also known as hydatid disease, is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by larvae of Echinococcus granulosus (EG), which infects both human and animals globally (1,2). EG is a serious threat to the production of livestock and has a severe effect on health of human. At present, there is no effective treatments for echinococcosis. Inducing massive efforts to carry out research in the area of immunology associated with EG infection with the hope of the development of future vaccine in recent years (3,4). Currently, all the proteins that have shown potential with respect to vaccine development, the Eg95 antigen is the most effective (5). Lightowlers first published research pertaining to the use of the Eg95 antigen in a host recombinant antigen vaccine in 1993 (6,7). The potential vaccine, against the larval membrane protein, conferred 95% protection to immunized sheep against the parasite. The reduction rate of Echinococcus was 96%, the cyst mean was 5.8. These results demonstrated that the Eg95 antigen has potential as a vaccine candidate molecule in preventing the infection of Echinococcosis (8)