Preface to the 4th International Uniportal VATS Course—Special Issue

This three-day-masterclass symposium was jointly organized by the University Hospital Charité in Berlin (Germany), the University Hospital in Coru？a (Spain), and the Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai (China). This year, symposium addressed the “Challenges Ahead” in uniportal VATS by lectures, discussions and video sessions on the first day and Live Surgery of major pulmonary resections via uniportal VATS on the second day. The third day was dedicated to a Hands-on class (Wetlab) for a limited group