Modifiable risk factors for patients undergoing lung cancer surgery and their optimization: a review

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is a multimodal perioperative care pathway designed to achieve early recovery for patients undergoing major surgery (1). A key characteristic of ERAS is that it includes pre-, intra- and post-operative interventions. An extensive evidence base now supports the role of ERAS in decreasing complications and length of stay, and ERAS pathways have been developed and evaluated in most surgical specialties. While general principles, such as avoidance of excess fluid administration and early nutrition and mobilization are common across ERAS pathways for different surgeries, some components are unique to specific surgeries and institutions. Due to the unique characteristics and complication profile of patients having lung surgery, as well as pulmonary physiology, ERAS for lung surgery requires inclusion of unique processes