Occupational adverse effects and protective factors in bronchoscopy

The widespread application of bronchoscopy has resolved a series of diagnostic and treatment challenges in pulmonary diseases, including tracheal and bronchial stenosis as well as unexplained hemoptysis caused by malignant tumors. However, the occupational exposure and hazards experienced by healthcare workers during bronchoscopy have been increasingly realized. The present review analyzes various aspects of adverse effects experienced by healthcare workers in bronchoscopy and discusses effective prevention measures