Genomic lesions drive the metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Esophageal cancer ranks sixth in terms of cancer-associated mortality (1). The majority (over 80%) of esophageal cancers are squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) (2), which is the leading cause of cancer-related death in its epidemic regions, such as northern China. Even with the advent of modern therapeutic approaches, the 5 years survival of ESCC (<20%) has not significantly improved in the past few decades. These facts necessitate the need for better characterization of the molecular basis of ESCC pathogenesis