Establishment and application of bladder cancer patient-derived xenografts as a novel preclinical platform

Unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma is best treated with systemic cisplatin-based chemotherapy. However, few patients are able to achieve durable disease control and often experience drug resistance and eventually death (1). The survival of patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma has not markedly improved for more than 20 years (2), in part because of the paucity of disease models that recapitulate clinical behavior such as the drug response of urothelial carcinoma