Association between smoking and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio among prostate cancer survivors: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death among men (1). As of 2015, there were over three million men living with prostate cancer in the United States (1). The number of prostate cancer diagnoses and deaths annually was 112.6 per 100,000 men and 19.5 per 100,000 men, respectively. Incidence rates for prostate cancer remain the third most common type of cancer, with an estimated 164,690 new cases and another 29,430 deaths in 2018 (1). According to 2019 cancer statistics, prostate cancer was the second leading cause of cancer deaths among males in the United States (2)