Cardio-toxicity of checkpoint inhibitors

The increasing awareness of cardiac side effects of classical oncological therapies has resulted in multiple improvements in cardiac surveillance of cancer patients (1,2). Although classical chemotherapeutic drugs still result in considerable side effects (2), recent studies have shown that cardiovascular mortality is not increased in breast cancer patients any more (3,4). This most probably reflects an increased consideration of cardiac protection when applying chemotherapies, an improved understanding of mechanisms of cardiac damage, and early involvement of cardiologists in following up patients at risk