Primary mediastinal leiomyoma: a rare case report and literature review

Benign mesenchymal tumors of the mediastinum are rare, representing only 1% to 6% of all mediastinal masses. Moreover, leiomyomas have the least incidence of those tumors. Leiomyomas are benign smooth muscle tumors that are commonly encountered in the digestive or urogenital tract. Primary leiomyomas occurring in the mediastinum are extremely rare. They are usually slow-growing tumors and often detected incidentally on chest radiographs. Up to now, only about ten cases of primary mediastinal leiomyoma (PML) have been reported in English literature. In this case report, we describe a 3-year-old girl with a huge PML located in the anterior mediastinum with extension into the right hemi-thorax and left upper abdominal quadrant, who successfully underwent complete surgical tumor resection. To the best knowledge, this is the second case report of a PML in a child