Identification of biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of primary colorectal cancer based on microarray technology

Primary colorectal cancer (PCRC) is a colorectal cancer that includes colon and rectal cancer. PCRC is a common tumor of the digestive system. In the USA, from 2007 to 2017, the incidence rate of PCRC ranked third among all tumors, and the mortality of PCRC ranks second and third for both male and female tumors, respectively (1). To date, the cause of colorectal cancer is still unclear, but it may be related to a malignant transformation of colon polyps, chronic inflammatory stimulation of colonic mucosa, a high-fat diet with insufficient dietary fiber, genetics, and other factors. Early stage of colorectal cancer is characterized by insidious onset, with only fecal occult blood being positive. With the progress of the lesion, patients may have hematochezia, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pains, abdominal masses, and other symptoms. Patients with advanced disease may also show progressive emaciation, cachexia, and anemia. The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in most countries of the world are on the rise. In China, the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer also have shown an increasing trend. Among them, the incidence of colon cancer has increased significantly, but early detection is still a challenge, and most patients are already in the middle or late stages when the cancer is discovered (2). Although the current treatment of colorectal cancer has progressed, the prognosis is still unsatisfactory. Therefore, it has become critical to explore the mechanisms of PCRC development and to identify new molecules for the improved treatment and prognosis of PCRC