煤焦油电脱盐脱水技术研究进展

煤焦油中含有的水、无机盐、金属和固体杂质会对后续加工装置产生不利影响,也会降低二次加工原料和后续产品的品质。因此,在煤焦油加工过程中,需先对煤焦油进行预处理。与其他预处理技术相比,煤焦油电脱盐脱水技术具有对原料适应性宽、处理过程中不易发生缩合生焦、脱盐脱水效果好等优点,具有广阔的发展空间。笔者简述了煤焦油电脱盐脱水技术原理,综述了煤焦油电脱盐脱水技术在破乳方面的研究热点,包括煤焦油破乳机理、破乳动力学以及破乳剂用量、破乳剂种类等因素对破乳效率的影响,探讨了针对煤焦油特性改进的电脱盐脱水技术和目前工业应用上存在的问题及解决对策。最后,提出开发新型破乳剂、进行破乳剂的复配和组合多种脱盐脱水技术是未来主要的研究和发展方向。 The impurities of water,inorganic salts,metals and solid contained in coal tar have adverse effects for the subsequent processing device and also can reduce the quality of secondary processing raw materials and follow-up products.Therefore,in the process of coal tar processing,it is necessary to pretreat coal tar first.Compared with other pretreatment technologies,the desalting and dehydration technology of coal tar has a lot of developing room,such as wide adaptability to raw materials,less condensation coke and good desalting and dewatering effect.The principle of electric desalting and dehydration of coal tar was briefly described.The research hotspots of coal tar electric desalting and dehydration technology in the aspect of demulification were summarized,including the mechanism and kinetics of demulification,the effects of amount and types of demulsifier on demulsification efficiency.Then the improvement of electric desalting and dehydration technologies based on the characteristics of coal tar and the problems and corresponding countermeasures in industrial applications were discussed.Finally,it is proposed that the main research and development directions in the future are to develop a new type of emulsifiers,and compound the emulsifiers and combine a variety of desalting and dehydration techniques