水煤浆性能的影响因素及技术进展

水煤浆技术是我国洁净煤技术发展中的重要分支,对提高我国煤炭资源的利用效率、减少煤炭利用过程中产生的污染、实现煤炭的高价值利用具有重要意义,是我国能源长效稳定发展的必然选择,符合国家政策导向和环保要求。随着水煤浆尤其是气化浆用量的扩大和节能环保要求的提高,化工厂对水煤浆质量的要求越来越高。但目前国内气化水煤浆普遍存在浓度偏低、流变性差、气化效果不理想等问题,降低了水煤浆气化炉效率,不利于企业降本增效和稳定生产。笔者基于水煤浆性能的评定指标,介绍了水煤浆性能指标的测定方法,并简要说明了水煤浆的浓度、黏度、稳定性、流态及流变性对实际生产的意义;重点介绍了煤质、添加剂、级配方式以及颗粒形态等因素对水煤浆性能的影响,为改善水煤浆性能指明了方向,强调了粒度级配对水煤浆浓度、流态及流动度改善的重要意义;总结了近年来水煤浆制浆领域的研究进展,包括对成浆用煤的复配、新型水煤浆添加剂的研发以及"以破代磨"新型制浆工艺的介绍,并对水煤浆技术的发展趋势进行了展望,包括新制浆工艺的开发和核心设备的研制、高效经济低阶煤水煤浆添加剂的研制、化工污泥和气化细渣等废弃物的处理以及水煤浆颗粒间作用规律和颗粒形态研究等。 Coal water slurry technology is an important branch in the development of clean coal technology in China. It is of great significance to improve the utilization efficiency of coal resources in China,reduce the pollution generated in the process of coal utilization,and realize the high value utilization of coal. It is the inevitable choice for the long-term and stable development of China's energy,which conforms to the national policy guidance and environmental protection requirements. With the expansion of coal water slurry,especially gasification slurry consumption and the improvement of energy conservation and environmental protection requirements,the quality of coal water slurry requirements are higher and higher in chemical plants. However,there are many common problems such as low concentration,poor rheological property and unsatisfactory gasification effect in gasification CWS in China,which reduce the efficiency of CWS gasifier and are not conducive to reducing cost,increasing efficiency and stabilizing production.Based on the evaluation index of CWS performance,in this paper,the measurement method of CWS performance index was introduced,and the significance of CWS concentration,viscosity,stability,flow pattern and rheology to actual production were explained.The effects of coal quality,additives,gradation and particle morphology on the performance of CWS were introduced in this paper,the direction for improving the performance of CWS was pointed out,and the significance of improving the concentration,flow pattern and fluidity of CWS with particle size gradation was emphasized.The research progress in the field of coal water slurry pulping in recent years was listed,including the compound of coal used for pulping,the research and development of new coal water slurry additives,and the introduction of the new pulping process of "breaking for grinding".The development trend of CWS technology was prospected,including the development of new pulping process and core equipment,the development of high-efficiency and economical low-order CWS additives,the treatment