低阶煤催化热解研究进展及展望

为推动煤催化热解技术的发展,论述了金属类催化剂、负载类催化剂和煤基催化剂的催化机理及其对煤热解转化特性、产物分布的影响。根据催化机理不同,将煤催化热解工艺分为直接催化热解工艺、间接催化热解工艺和热解产物催化热解工艺,并论述了各工艺的研究现状。过渡金属、分子筛可改变低阶煤热解产物分布,提高焦油产率;金属氧化物催化剂可提高热解转化率,调节气体产品分布,提高气相产品收率。液化残渣与褐煤共热解降低了活泼分解阶段的反应活化能,加快了反应速率,提高热解焦油产率,影响气相产物分布。首次提出煤直接液化残渣与煤混合热解所产生的正协同作用也可看成是一种对煤热解的正向催化。 In order to promote coal catalytic pyrolysis technology,the mechanisms of coal catalytic pyrolysis of metal catalyst,support catalysts and coal base catalytic were introduced,and their effects on coal pyrolysis characteristics and products distribution were analyzed.Based on different catalytic mechanisms,the coal catalytic pyrolysis process was divided into direct catalytic pyrolysis process,indirect catalytic pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis process. Their research status and prospect were analyzed. The results showed that transition metal catalyst and molecular sieve could transform pyrolysis products distribution and improve tar yield,while metal oxide catalyst could improve coal pyrolysis conversion rate,regulate gas products distribution and increase gas phase yield. New research showed that co- pyrolysis of coal direct liquefaction residues( CDLR) and lignite could reduce the reaction activation energy of the active solution stage,speed up the reaction rate,increase pyrolysis conversion rate,improve tar yield and affect gas phase product distribution. The positive synergetic effect of CDLR and coal co-pyrolysis needed to be further studied