/气氛下烟气物性参数对燃煤锅炉对流传热影响的模拟研究 - /

新疆准东煤作为一种可开发利用前景广阔的高碱金属煤种,易沾污结渣特性极大限制了其高效利用。前人大量研究了准东煤在常规气氛下的燃烧特性,但鲜见其在富氧气氛下的燃烧和传热特性研究。为了研究富氧气氛下燃用准东煤对碱金属释放及换热器传热性能的影响,运用化工流程分析软件Aspen Plus建立空气和富氧气氛下准东煤燃烧工艺流程模型并进行反应模拟。通过控制氧燃比恒定并调节O_2/CO_2配比进行变工况分析,使准东煤燃烧绝热火焰温度与空气气氛下较为接近,对应工况下锅炉内具有相似的温度分布。借助吉布斯反应器模拟得出反应物系在满足相平衡和化学平衡的条件下所得产物组分及状态参数、Na元素的赋存与转化规律,为预测Na元素释放形式提供参考。由于富氧燃烧烟气富含高浓度CO_2且水蒸气含量增加,富氧燃烧方式下燃煤烟气的传热特性将发生显著差异。运用带有Boston-Mathiasα函数的Peng-Robinson立方状态方程(PR-BM物性方法)对准东煤在空气和富氧气氛下燃烧产生的烟气进行物性估算,对比分析不同气氛下烟气密度、比热容、导热系数、黏度随温度的变化规律,为分析空气及富氧气氛下准东煤燃烧烟气的对流传热特性差异提供更为准确的参数。采用外掠管束强制对流传热修正计算方法分析了不同燃烧气氛下锅炉烟道内各对流受热面的传热性能。并采用CFD软件对一束高温再热器管屏进行“烟气-管壁-蒸汽”流固耦合传热数值模拟,对比空气及富氧气氛下燃煤烟气物性参数对换热器传热系数的影响。结果表明:40%O_2/60%CO_2气氛下,Na元素释放规律与21%O_2/79%N_2基本一致。随着烟温的降低,Na存在形式逐渐由NaCl和NaOH向Na2SO_4转变。但烟气再循环的富集作用会加剧准东煤灰沾污结渣。由于富氧燃煤烟气中三原子气体浓度增加,物性参数发生变化使得对流传热性能增强,各对流受热面传热系数为常规工况的1. 24～1. 27倍。在换热器结构和烟气及蒸汽入口流速、温度相同时,富氧工况下再热器各管圈对流传热系数较常规工况增加约21. 43 W/(m~2·K),出口蒸汽平均温度提高约11. 32 K。 As a kind of high alkali metal coal with broad prospect of exploitation and utilization,Zhundong coal in Xinjiang is easy for slagging,which greatly limits its efficient utilization.Much research work has been done on its conventional combustion,but the research on combustion and heat transfer characteristics in O2/CO2 atmosphere is still insufficient.In order to study the effect of burning Zhundong coal in O2/CO2 atmosphere on alkali metal release and heat transfer performance of heat exchanger,the chemical process analysis software Aspen Plus was used to establish the combustion process flow model of Zhundong coal under the atmosphere of air and O2/CO2 for reaction simulation.By controlling the constant O2/fuel ratio and adjusting the ratio of O2/CO2,the adiabatic flame temperature of burning Zhundong coal in O2/CO2 is close to that in the air atmosphere.There is a similar temperature distribution in the boiler under these two working conditions.By Gibbs reactor,the product components and state parameters were obtained under the conditions of phase equilibrium and chemical equilibrium,and the occurrence and transformation of Na elements were obtained,which provided a reference for predicting the release form of Na.Due to the high concentration of CO2 and water vapor content in the oxy-coal combustion flue gas,the heat transfer characteristics of the coal-fired flue gas under the oxy-coal combustion mode will be significantly different.The PR-BM physical property method was used to estimate the physical properties of the flue gas produced by burning Zhundong coal in air and O2/CO2 atmosphere,and the density and specific heat c