麻花艽、管花秦艽和黄管秦艽种子萌发特性比较
Comparason of the Germination Characteristics of the Seeds of Three Gentiana Species

秦艽是中国重要的传统中藏药材，为了解秦艽的休眠机制提高其萌发率，扩大引种栽培资源，对青藏高原野生秦艽组中的麻花艽、管花秦艽和黄管秦艽的种子萌发特性进行了比较。结果表明，温度显著影响3种秦艽的萌发，其萌发曲线均呈现出钟状，萌发最适温度为25℃，在最适温度时3种秦艽萌发率无明显差异，但均显著高于低温或高温处理。且15℃和30℃时，麻花艽的萌发率均显著高于管花秦艽和黄管秦艽，但管花秦艽和黄管秦艽萌发率无显著差异。赤霉素(GA)可以显著提高3种秦艽的萌发势和萌发率，且最佳处理浓度为200 μmol？L-1，在100 μmol？L-1 GA处理下，麻花艽萌发率显著高于管花秦艽和黄管秦艽，而在500 μmol？L-1时，管花秦艽萌发率显著高于黄管秦艽。相关分析显示，赤霉素浓度与3种秦艽萌发率之间存在显著的相关性，其相关曲线为二次抛物线型。硝酸钾在100 μmol？L-1和200 μmol？L-1浓度下分别对麻花艽和黄管秦艽萌发率具有微弱促进作用，对管花秦艽种子萌发几乎无影响，但可显著提高种子的萌发势；浓度>400 μmol？L-1时，硝酸钾对管花秦艽和黄管秦艽种子均有显著的抑制作用。3种秦艽植物萌发特性的存在差异，可能与其遗传差异有关。在生产实际中进行区别处理，引种栽培过程中适宜的温度和GA处理对于栽培可能具有重要意义。
“Qinjiao” (Gentiana spp.) is the well-known Chinese and Tibetan traditional crude drug for curing many diseases.In order to understand the dormancy-breaking mechanism,to enhance the germination rate,and to expand cultivation and introduction resources,this paper studied the germination characteristics of the seeds of three Gentiana species:G.straminea,G.siphonantha,and G.officinalis.The results showed that temperature had significant effect on the germination characteristics,the curves of germination rate all presented in an inverted trumpet-shape with temperature,and 25℃ was the most optimum temperature for all three species.At 15℃ and 30℃ treatments,the germination rates were significantly lower than the optimum one.At 15℃ and 30℃,the germination percentage of G.streaminea was significantly higher than the others,no difference was found between G.siphonantha and G.officinalis.Moreover,GA could significantly increase the germination rate of the three species with the most optimum concentration of 200 μM.At 100 μmol？L-1,the germination rate of G.straminea seeds was significantly higher than those of G.siphonantha and G.officinalis,while G.siphonantha had significant higher germination rate than G.officinalis under 500 μmol？L-1 GA treatment.Correlation analysis indicated that significant correlations existed between the germination rate and GA concentration with a quadratic parabola.In addition,low concentration of KNO3 (100 μmol？L-1 or 200 μmol？L-1) presented weak promotion effects on seeds germination of G.straminea and G.officinalis while it had little effect on that of G.siphonantha.As the KNO3 concentration increased above 400 μmol？L-1,the germination rates of all the three seeds were inhibited to some degrees.However,KNO3 could enhance the germination potentiality of all species.The results showed that there existed different characteristics on germination among three species,which may relate to the genetic difference.In future taming culture practice,the temperature and GA concentration