双源供应下损失厌恶零售商的订货及补贴策略
Ordering and subsidizing strategies for loss-averse retailer under dual-sourcing

供需不匹配一直是供应链管理领域的难点问题，多源采购策略被企业广泛应用于解决该问题。本研究考虑风险厌恶型零售商向上游两家供应商订货的问题，其中供应商1供应不可靠但价格较低，供应商2供应可靠但价格较高。为了缓解降低供应商1的供应不可靠性，零售商可以通过提前支付部分货款的方式帮助供应商1提高供应链可靠性。本研究首先构建了零售商只采用供应商1或2的采购策略，接着构建了零售商采用双源供应采购策略的模型。本研究发现，在双源供应情况下，随着零售商提前支付比例的增加，零售商将增加供应商1的订货量而降低供应商2的订货量，最优期望效用也随之增加。研究还发现相比于单源采购而言，双源供应条件下零售商所获得的最优期望效用更大。本研究也探讨了双源供应情况下，损失厌恶程度、随机需求对零售商最优策略的影响
The mismatch in supply and demand is a key problem in the field of supply chain, a multiple source strategy is a common method to solve the problem. This paper consider how the loss-adverse retailer purchases items from two upstream suppliers, where supplier 1 is a unreliable supplier with low price, supplier 2 is a reliable supplier with high price. To reduce the supply unreliability of supplier 1, the retailer would pay part of purchase price in advance. In this paper, we first study the retailer’s optimal strategy when it only purchase items from single source supplier, then construct the retailer’s operation model under the case of dual sourcing. Our results show that with the increase in proportion of the advance payment, the retailer’s order quantity from the supplier 1 will increase but the order quantity from the supplier 2 will decrease under dual souring case. We also find that the optimal expected utility in dual sourcing case is greater than that in single sourcing. Finally, how the loss averse and stochastic demand affect the system performance is analyzed