Exercise and Vitamin D Supplementation Modify Spleen Morphology in Lean, But Not, in monosodium-glutamate-obese rats monosodium-glutamate-obese rats monosodium-glutamate-obese rats monosodium-glutamate-obese rats monosodium-glutamate-obese rats monosodium-glutamate-obese rats monosodium-glutamate-obese rats monosodium-glutamate-obese rats monosodium-glutamate-obese rats Monosodium-glutamate-obese Rats - Exercise and Vitamin D Supplementation Modify Spleen Morphology in Lean, But Not, in monosodium-glutamate-obese rats monosodium-glutamate-obese rats monosodium-glutamate-obese rats monosodium-glutamate-obese rats monosodium-glutamate-obese rats monosodium-glutamate-obese rats monosodium-glutamate-obese rats monosodium-glutamate-obese rats monosodium-glutamate-obese rats Monosodium-glutamate-obese Rats - Open Access Pub

We evaluated the effect of exercise and vitamin D supplementation on histological aspects of the spleens of lean and obese rats. Male Wistar rats received neonatal administration of monosodium glutamate (MSG; 4g/Kg), while Control (CON) rats received an equimolar solution. At 30 days of age, CON and MSG rats were subdivided into Exercised (E) or Sedentary (S) groups and Vitamin D (VD; 12μg/Kg) supplemented or non-supplemented (NS) groups. At the 86th day of life, rats were euthanized, and their body weights and adiposity were evaluated. Spleens were submitted to histomorphometric analysis of the white pulp (WP), germinal center (GC) and lymphatic nodule (LN). Data are presented as mean ± SEM (p<0.05). MSG treatment promoted a reduction in spleen weight, increased LN thickness and WP area, but reduced GC occupation, compared to spleens of CON-lean rats (p<0.05). Exercise and VD did not provoke changes in the spleens of MSG-obese rats. In CON-lean rats, E and VD induced augmentation of LN thickness. VD supplementation increased the WP area, while E reduced GC area occupation in spleens of CON-lean rats (p<0.05). In conclusion, exercise and VD supplementation increased LN thickness and WP area, but had the opposite effect on the GC in spleens of CON-lean rats. However, neither exercise nor VD supplementation prevented the development of morphological abnormalities in the spleens of MSG-obese rats. DOI10.14302/issn.2578-2371.jslr-19-2819 Increased spleen volume may occur in obesity, and can be considered a stable marker of inflammation, as well as of changes in the activation of splenic immune activity. In this regard, the expressions of pro inflammatory cytokines, such as, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) appear to be augmented in obesity 1, while interleukin-10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine synthesized in the marginal zone of the spleen (B cells), appears to be reduced 2. Thus, the bidirectional interaction between obesity and immune response disorders indicates association with splenic activity, a relationship that has only recently been recognized 3. Obesity is also associated with vitamin deficiency, in particular, reduced vitamin D (VD) plasma status has been observed in obese subjects 4. Insufficient plasma levels of VD are responsible for disturbances in immune responses, with consequent effects on splenic immune activity 5. However, the exact mechanisms involved in the relationship between obesity and VD deficiency are unknown, as both conditions have direct effects on immune responses 6. Athletes who are VD