Analysis of the risk factors and microbial etiology of surgical site infections following lower segment caesarean section

Background

Lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) is a common surgical mode of delivery and surgical site infection is the most common infectious complication in these patients. The main objective of the study was to analyse the risk factors and microbial etiology of surgical site infection (SSI) following LSCS.

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Methods

300 consecutive patients undergoing LSCS, irrespective of indication, were studied. A questionnaire was developed to assess the risk factors associated with development of SSI. All patients were followed up from day one of surgery till discharge and then up till 45 days following LSCS.

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Results

SSI was identified in 78 (22.66%) out of 300 patients. 5.11% of Staphylococcus aureus. strains were MRSA. The Acinetobacter species (32.03%) was the most common organisms isolated followed by Staphylococcus aureus (20.41%) and Coagulase negative staphylococcus (13%). Premature rupture of membrane (PROM) of more than 4 hours, Emergency LSCS, anaemia and increase in adipose tissues were the commonest risk factors.

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Conclusions

A proper assessment of risk factors that pre-dispose to SSI and their early detection and modification may help in reduction of SSI rates. Also, antimicrobial audit and infection surveillance could give an insight into the current antibiotic prescription practices