Airway epithelial cells enhances tissue plasminogen activator by short chain fatty acids via G protein coupled receptor 41 and 43

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous chronic inflammatory disease generally divided based on presence or absence of nasal polyps (NPs). Excessive fibrin deposition is one of the features of NPs. Tissue plasminogen activator is expressed in epithelial cells and initiates fibrin degradation, however, t-PA expression is reduced in NPs. Identifying compounds that can induce expression of t-PA would be a potential new strategy for the treatment of NPs. We hypothesized that short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) can induce t-PA in airway epithelial cells via their receptors, G protein coupled receptor 41/free fatty acid receptor 3 (GPR41/FFAR3) and GPR43/FFAR2.