全面停止使用死囚器官的伦理探析
Ethical analysis of completely stopping the using of executed prisoner’s organs

死刑犯器官捐献问题在国内伦理学界一直存在较大争议，黄洁夫宣布“全面停止使用死囚器官”后， 这一伦理问题的背景发生改变。政策的宣布在死刑犯生命健康权保障方面是一大进步，但也存在伦理盲点。针对 这些问题，本文立足于当前法律政策实际，将器官捐献问题分两个方向—— 全面停止和允许自愿进行推理演绎。 除单纯维持现状外，提出了将死刑犯划入限制民事行为能力人的范围的优化方案和将相关法规与现行捐献机制同 步的优化方案，以这种方式充分揭示其内在的伦理冲突和矛盾。当然，随着医学技术的发展，器官捐献问题的核 心可能彻底改变，需要回归医学伦理学视角进行审视。
Organ donation of condemned criminals has always been ethically controversial in China. Huang Jiefu announced that “using of executed prisoner's organs is completely stopped”. Since then, the background of this ethical issue has changed. The policy makes progress in the protection of the right of life and health, but ethical blind spot is left as well. Based on the current law and policy, this paper makes an inference and interpretation of this issue. Apart from maintaining the status quo, we offer two solutions. One is completely stopping by classifying condemned criminals as persons with limited capacity for civil conduct. The other is permitting voluntary organ donation by perfecting relevant laws. So we can reveal its internal ethical conflicts and contradictions. However, because of rapid development in the medical field which can change the kernel of organ donation, reviewing it from medical ethics perspective is of great importance