积雪时空变化规律及其影响因素研究进展
Research Progress in Spatioal-Temporal Variation of Snow Cover and the Influencing Factors

积雪作为冰冻圈的重要组成部分，对气候变化的响应非常敏感。受局地气候和地形影响，积雪的分布和变化非常复杂，同时积雪对区域气候环境、植被生态系统、土壤性质及温室气体排放、工程基础设施等都会有一定的影响。通过文献综述北半球积雪的时间和空间变化规律、积雪的形成与维持与气象因子的关系、地形和植被对积雪的影响以及冻土区积雪与冻土的耦合关系。总之全球气候变暖使北半球积雪覆盖面积、最大积雪深度、积雪时长等都有减少的趋势。温度和降水量是影响小尺度积雪参数变化的主要气象因素，海拔是影响局地积雪分布的主要因子，植被的覆盖与冻土的存在一定程度上也会影响积雪的分布。未来气候变暖情景下，有关积雪地面台站监测数据与遥感监测数据的有效融合、进一步完善积雪参数的监测网络、厘清气候与积雪变化的关系，是未来该领域的研究重点。
As an important part of the cryosphere,snow cover is very sensitive to climate changes.Affected by local climate and topography,the distribution and changes of snow cover are very complicated.On the other hand,snow cover has certain impacts on regional climate environment,vegetation ecosystem,soil properties,soil greenhouse gas emissions,and engineering infrastructure.Here we reviewed the advances in the researches of snow cover from the as aspects of the temporal and spatial variations,the relationship between the formation and maintenance of snow cover and the meteorological factors,the influence of topography and vegetation on snow cover,and the inter-relationship between snow cover and frozen soil in permafrost regions in the northern hemisphere.In summary,global warming has reduced the snow cover area in the northern hemisphere.Temperature and precipitation are the two main meteorological factors affecting the variation of small-scale snow parameters.Altitude is the main factor affecting the distribution of local snow.The coverage of vegetation and the frozen soil also affect the distribution of snow to some extent.Under the circumstances global warming,issues should be emphasized in the future research topics,such as the effective integration of monitoring data on snow-covered ground stations and remote sensing monitoring data,further improving the snow parameter monitoring network,and clarifying the relationship between climate and snow cover