不同施肥处理对日光温室内土壤微生物数量与酶活性的影响
Effects of Fertilization Pattern on Soil Microorganism Quantity and Soil Enzyme Activity under the Greenhouse Grape-cultivating System

在多年进行日光温室延后栽培红地球葡萄的设施棚内，研究有机肥与有机肥氮肥配施对土壤微生物数量与土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明，单施有机肥及其与无机肥配施均可显著提高土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌与固氮菌数量，其中细菌为土壤微生物的主要组分，然后依次为固氮菌、放线菌以及真菌；单施有机肥及其与无机肥配施可不同程度的提高土壤脲酶、蛋白酶、蔗糖酶与磷酸酶活性，单施有机肥可显著影响土壤过氧化氢酶活性；设施葡萄土壤微生物数量与土壤酶活性具有一定的正相关性，细菌、放线菌、固氮菌与脲酶、蛋白酶、蔗糖酶以及磷酸酶存在显著正相关性（P<0.05）。综合比较，以有机肥配施氮肥40 g/株（MN2）处理效果最佳，此模式可维持设施葡萄较高土壤生产力及促进设施葡萄土壤可持续利用。
Using facility cultivated “Red Globe” grapevine as experimental material,under different amount of fertilizer conditions,effects of the applications of organic manure and organic manure in matching with fertilizer on soil microbial amount and soil enzyme activities were studied.The results showed that the single organic fertilization and inorganic fertilizer combined with organic manure could significantly improve the quantity of soil bacteria,fungi,actinomyces and nitrogen fixing bacteria.Moreover,bacteria were the main components of soil microorganisms,followed by nitrogen fixing bacteria,actinomycetes and fungi.Organic fertilizer and organic fertilizer combined with inorganic fertilizer could improve soil urease,protease,sucrase and phosphatase activities to certain degrees.Organic fertilizer could significantly affect the activity of soil catalase.For facility grapevine,soil microorganism with soil enzyme activity had a positive correlation; bacteria,actinomycetes and nitrogen fixing bacteria had significantly positive correlation (P<0.05) with urease,protease,sucrase and phosphatase.By comprehensive comparison,the organic fertilizer in matching with nitrogen fertilizer 40 g/zhu(MN2) treatment had the optimal effect.This model could maintain the higher soil productivity,and promote the sustainable utilization of soil in facility grapevine cultivation