陕西汉中农村成年女性膳食模式及其影响因素分析
Dietary patterns and relative factors among rural women in Hanzhong of Shaanxi Province

摘要：目的 评价陕西汉中农村女性膳食模式，并探讨其影响因素。方法 采用横断面研究，利用半定量食物频率问卷调查汉中地区18～80岁农村女性居民的膳食情况。采用因子分析评估整体膳食状况；应用多因素线性回归方法分析不同膳食模式的影响因素。结果 共调查1467人，研究对象存在谷薯类和油脂摄入过量，而肉类及蛋奶类摄入不足情况。因子分析提取4个主要因子，反映四种膳食结构类型。多因素线性回归分析显示，年龄、劳动强度和吸烟情况与均衡模式呈负相关(P<0.05)，受教育水平、经济状况及进行体育锻炼与均衡模式呈正相关(P<0.05)；财富指数与蔬菜模式和节俭模式呈负相关(P<0.05)；年龄与蔬菜模式、节俭模式呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论 农村女性的膳食结构以相对均衡的模式为主，但食物种类尚有限。有必要在不同人群中开展有针对性的干预措施。
ABSTRACT: Objective To evaluate the dietary pattern of rural women in Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province, and to investigate the influencing factors. Methods A cross-sectional survey on dietary status with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was conducted among rural female residents aged between 18 and 80 years in Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province, in 2010. Factor analysis was used to identify food patterns based on food amount. Linear regression models were developed to identify factors related to different dietary patterns. Results We surveyed 1467 rural females. The daily intake of grains and oils exceeded the RNI while animal food, diary food were below the normal intake. Four main factors were derived as four dietary patterns by factor analysis. Results of linear regression models indicated age, labor intensity and smoking were inversely associated with the balanced dietary pattern (P<0.05). Negative associations were found of wealth index, education level and physical activity with the balanced dietary pattern (P<0.05). Education level was negatively associated with vegetable and the economical dietary patterns (P<0.05). Age was positively associated with vegetable and economical dietary patterns (P<0.05). Conclusion A balanced dietary pattern may be predominant although types of foods are limited. Our study results call for specific intervention in improving the quality of diet among the female residents in Hanzhong