“后真相”的发生机制:情绪化文本的传播效果――基于脑电技术范式的研究
The Mechanism of “Post-Truth”: The Communication Effect of Emotional Texts―A study based on electroencephalography

2016年以来,以“后真相”为主题的研究已经从政治领域逐渐渗透进传播学领域,并引起了学者的广泛讨论。在“后真相”语境中,情绪化表达于受众对客观事实的认知而言起着重要作用。为考察新闻文本的情绪化表达对个体的认知活动的影响,本文选取了采用两种不同表达方式(情绪表达/中性表达)写作的同一新闻事件文本作为实验材料,运用脑电技术(EEG)记录被试阅读过程中的脑电信号。研究发现,两组被试在阅读不同新闻材料过程中,脑电信号存在差异,情绪化表达的新闻文本更易激起读者的阅读兴趣,但同时也会阻碍读者对于内容和事实本身的深入思考。因此,后真相时代的情绪化文本对于受众认知事实存在负面影响。不过,我们对待“后真相”不应过度悲观,也应更多地运用“后真相”文本易传播的特点来改进既有的新闻文本生产。
Since 2016, the research on the theme of “post-truth” has gradually penetrated into the field of communication from the political field and has attracted extensive discussion among in the academic world. In the context of “post-truth”, emotional expression plays an important role in the audience's cognition of objective facts. In order to investigate the impact of emotional expression of news texts on the individual's cognitive activities, this paper selects the same news event texts written by two different expression methods(emotional expression/neutral expression)as experimental materials, and uses the EEG method to record the EEG signals in the reading process of subjects. The study found that there are differences in EEG signals between the two groups of subjects when they read different news materials. Emotionally-expressed news texts are more likely to arouse readers' interest in reading, but they also hinder readers' deep thinking about the content and facts. Therefore, the emotional text of the post-truth era has a negative impact on the audience's cognition of the facts. However, we should not be overly pessimistic about the “post-truth”. We should also make more use of the characteristics of “post-truth” text to improve the production of existing news texts